With passing of time the world have gained too much of development and accelerated changes especially in the construction domain such as skyscrapers, amazing roads, bridges, and huge dams... and as everybody knows that knowledge does not come easy , works like that need a very hard effort, money, time, huge machines ...and surely it need a civil engineer, so who is the civil engineer and what is the civil engineering?

What is the civil engineering ?

It is a very important branch between engineering departments because it deals directly with our comfort , our health and our patterns of life on Earth...

Civil engineering is like the other engineering specializations in that it is considered a practical science but if we want to define it we can say that it is the science that search with building and construction operations and prepare the foundations for the final step of design of the project plan, its application on the ground and supervision of its construction also as we will see later it dealing with pollution problems in our world like the water, air and soil pollution.

Because the age of this great major apply with the age of every civilization , It was necessary to division the civil engineering for several  basics branches to do the missions easily , which is environmental engineering , transportation engineering , geotechnical and foundation engineering, and finally structural engineering and all of them are included down stream the of civil engineering umbrella.

Transportation engineering

Did you ever thought about who are they designed the amazing roads in Abu Dhabi and Dubai ?  Or the brilliant interchanges in Tokyo ? Denver international airport which is considered the biggest airport in USA? Simply he is the transportation engineer , so let us see what is the meaning of transportation engineering ?

It is a application of the scientific and technical principles on the planning, research, design, and run process of the transportation construction line train stations in safe method and mainly it divided for two branches : traffic engineering and geometric design engineering.

Which is important firstly in this branch is safety than that of transportation engineer-like any engineer -must care about economics effects and durability , envirionmenrtal sides because as we said before , transportation engineering dealing with huge and sensitive facilities like airports , train stations , roads ,ports and all of them have a relation with population distribution , crowding ,and country development criteria and other important things ...

Finally , Transportation engineering is the only way to organize the transportation of goods and people and we have no alternative to leave it and this is what makes the income of the traffic and transportation engineer relatively high.

Water and Environmental Engineering

This branch specialized in determining the source of pollution, wastewater treatment, and designing its treatment units, also carrying out environmental assessment of projects and knowing whether the project site is suitable in terms of environmental safety. It is also considered one of the scientific disciplines that search for bacteria and viruses that cause diseases.

Does this seem strange? In The annual WHO (World Health Organization conference in Geneva) , water and environmental engineers are honored before the doctors are honored, for the great efforts made by environmental engineers to solve environmental problems and discover disease-causing viruses through food, drink, and others.This is a summary of the environmental aspect. In terms of water, it is concerned with designing water transmission networks for distribution to homes in cities. It is also looking at how to use wastewater after treatment and classifying it for different uses such as agriculture, reactor cooling, industry, or even drinking.

Water is divided according to water engineers and experts into four sections: blue water which is fresh water, green water, which is rain water, gray water, which is wastewater, but without toilet waste, and finally black water, which is completely wastewater and they dealing with problems depending on the water type.

Geotechnical and Foundation engineering
Or soil engineering, studies the types of soil and the behavior of each type when exposed to forces for the purposes of knowing whether the soil is suitable for building on it or not. It is a branch of earth mechanics.

The foundations engineering is directly related to soil engineering because good soil, if the building rules are based on it well, reflects positively on the age of the building and the strength of bearing of the foundations building for live and dead loads.

Structural engineering

Designing components of engineering installations by calculating the forces and loads that can affect the building, such as live loads such as  people and dead loads, such as the weight of building components from iron, cement, tiles, etc.

In addition to calculating the potential forces of wind, earthquake, snow, and rain, because if they were neglected, they would be have a killer effect. and it is theoretically done.

Structural engineering is also concerned with preparing the concrete mix and calculating the quantities of materials used in construction, such as bricks, tiles, cement, fine sand, rough, reinforced steel and all things that make construction safe, affordable and durable.

Finally, do you wish to study civil engineering? Do you know anything about it, comment below!

source:

[1] Wissam Talal, September 20, 2018 , "What is civil engineering" , Retrieved:(8/8/2020) https://mawdoo3.com

[2] idris-jo,"Water and Environmental Engineering" , Retrieved:(8/8/2020)  https://www.idris-jo.com/water-and-environment-engineering

[3] wikipedia, April 26, 2020,Text published with a Creative Commons license,"Soil Mechanics", Retrieved:(8/8/2020) https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki